Black Working Poor vs. Black Middle Class

(Shawn A. Ginwright 2002) The black middle class experienced dramatic growth in the post civil-rights era. This growth raised questions about how social and cultural capital among the black middle class has helped the conditions of the black working poor. The author demonstrates through materialist and culturalist frames of the community how black middle class members of a small organization frame community failed to address the needs of the working poor. Materialist frames are rooted in day-to-day material conditions. They are informed by the lived reality of low wages, high rents, and or poor quality schools and focus on immediate change of concrete conditions. (Shawn A. Ginwright 2002) Culturalist frames challenge ideas and values, rather than power and people. Through a shared set of ideas and values, culturalist frames focus on symbolic meaning and abstract theories of the social world and attempt to change social meaning and personal identity. They promote specialized ideas about community and social issues and encourage expert-based social change through highly skilled, educated professionals. (Shawn A. Ginwright 2002) His argument is that the middle class use their skills, and other forms of human capitol to define community issues, while overlooking the interests of the working poor. Then Ginwright used a case study to affirm his theory. The case study was of a middle class community’s use Afrocentric ideology to ameliorate a working class neighborhood high school; the middle class misdiagnosed an obvious problem through culturalist framing resulting in no significant improvement in the high school. Afrocentric ideology is a modern concept in response to racist and attitudes about black people. It is a black inspired ideology that affirms blacks in a white dominated society. In the efforts to improve McClymonds High School in Oakland California a group of community advocates, The Black Front For Educational Reform (BUFFER), started coalition with working class parents and concerned citizens to transform the high school. Then BUFFER grew in size from roughly 30 local community individuals to 125 individuals from professors to attorneys. With the original BUFFERS the plan was simple, improve specific issues related to the day-to-day experiences of students, what the school lacked, but also what students at the school needed to survive. First, although many of its members shared the same ideology about the need to improve the conditions for black students at McClymonds High School, there was conflict about which strategy would best serve the needs of the students. (Shawn A. Ginwright 2002) The original working class members of BUFFER wanted to address the material issues such as textbook, facility structure, college prep courses, etc†¦ The new BUFFERS convinced that the problem was from lack of positive ethnic identity and racial pride. They wanted to address educational inequality by implementing an Afrocentric curriculum. This gave the idea of self-esteem issues. The Afrocentric curriculum did get approved and was implemented in the curriculum. For many students the new subject was not understood and Afrocentrism did not have any relevance to their day to day life experiences. The emphasis they placed on Afrocentric education diverted valuable resources to what could have been an effort to redress the pervasive inequality at the High. (Shawn A. Ginwright 2002) In reading the article it disclosed a serious gap in understanding of society needs between the middle class and the working poor class. Since the article was based on one case study, the results were skewed in favor of the author’s theory. The reading does not provide the benefits obtained by the high school from incorporating an Afrocentric curriculum or another case study that shows similar results. The author made an argument and used only one case study to verify his theory. The reading did provide some insight into the relationship between the two but it only provides inferred reasoning as to why there is a difference between the two. With two different social classes within the same organization, communication was really the necessity that was lacking to have a better outcome in the transformation of the high school. I would definitely recommend this read to a classmate

Nanking massacre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nanking massacre - Essay Example by historians to be one of the most shocking, ghastly, and revolting massacres perpetrated by Japanese soldiers in the course of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Even though Japan had been gnawing away at Northeastern China for years, beginning with the culmination of the Russo-Japanese War in the early 20th century and centered primarily in Manchuria, the second war between Japan and China, also called the War of Japanese Resistance, is widely known to have begun after the 1937 Marco Polo Bridge Incident. This event resulted in the eruption of total war between Japan and China. In China, Japan, the United States and the rest of the world, possibly no wartime barbarism committed by the Japanese against the Chinese people is more known far and wide than the Rape of Nanking. Nevertheless, whatever the importance of sheer recognition of the name, the memorial and history of the Nanjing massacre are deeply complicated. The significance and implication of the Nanking massacre have constantly evolved over time. Furthermore, the line dividing illegal violent acts against civilians and war crimes against combatant was unclear. Still, since 1937, scholars in the U.S., Japan, and China have struggled with the Nanking massacre, and, in every nation, over time, new interpretations are introduced. Not totally unforeseen, the known significance and implications of the Nanjing massacre have evolved according to the changing domestic and global political context of the period. The Pacific War and the Sino-Japanese War, from 1937 to 1945, influenced the memory and history of Nanking across the globe. The cold war, the Chinese civil war, and Japan’s downfall, from 1945 to 1971, brought about continuous modifications of the interpretation of the Nanjing massacre in China, Japan, and the U.S. From 1971 to 1989, the Japanese and American acknowledgment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Vietnam War, and the debate over Japan’s history textbooks brought about additional

Identity Theft in the Organization Research Paper

Identity Theft in the Organization - Research Paper Example However, in other organizations, this is something that is known. This is especially in hospitals where the patients use their social security numbers and in financial institutions. This paper discusses the issue of identity theft, how major institutions govern the information of clients and additionally, recommendations on how to stop identity theft. To start with, the organization can create the post of an ethics officer. The web surfing history of the employee is something that should be monitored closely if organizations want to be sure of the operations that an employee is carrying out. In addition, this is something that if an organization fails to adhere to, may lead to the loss of not only the data of the clients but the overall bad image of the organization. There are numerous ways and means of monitoring an employee’s web surfing and email history (Henk, Tilborg, & Jajodia, 2011, p. 1248). An ethics officer is someone who is employed by an organization to ensure that employees do not go against the rules and ethics of the workstation. This is a post that is however given to a very trusted employee since he or she is trusted to guide the other employees so as not to steal data from the organization. The workstation is something that is clearly important if the organization is dealing with matters that may lead to i dentity theft and therefore, there should be rules and regulations that govern the way the employees perform and conduct themselves. On the other hand, sometimes the employees fail to adhere to these rules and it is at this point that the ethics officer comes in. One of the major rules in an organization is that the employee should not in any way jeopardize the information of the client maliciously and use it for his or her own benefits. In other words, an employee should not be involved in identity theft. Monitoring the cookies information is also important Henk, Tilburg, & Jajodia, 2011, p. 1249).

Remmber event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Remmber event - Essay Example Maybe, I have a lot of lessons to learn from this experience which until now is one of my greatest questions I always throw to God. Years ago, when I was still in high school, I was awakened one morning by the voice of my father. He was talking and crying so bitterly I thought I must have been dreaming. I closed my eyes, thinking that when I opened them again, things will change. Sadly, it was not a dream at all. My father was telling my mother that my favorite cousin, Wesal died. I lay in my bed, numb. I did not seem to be able to move. It was unthinkable. My cousin is very young and she was among my best friends. I was very close to her because she was a good person. She was so sweet, always smiling and ready to encourage other people to face the difficulties of life even though she was suffering, herself. I admired her strength because I knew just how she was living as a married young woman. She was forcedly married to her cousin at a very young age. She did not love the man but because of our culture, she had no choice but to follow her parent’s desires. Nevertheless, Wesal suffered a lot in the hands of her husband. I was one of her confidants. She told me what was happening between her and her husband. She cannot divorce her husband because it is taboo for women to do so. Still, she always finds a way to hide her troubles and show that she could manage. When Wesal got pregnant, she was not treated any better. Her difficulties seemed to become more and more severe. After giving birth to young boy, she suddenly got sick. It shocked most of us when the doctors found out that she was suffering from cancer. She was too young. I visited her lot during that time and I was happy that she was always smiling. I did not know then that she was just trying to show how happy she was when in fact, deep inside, she was grieving and suffering. Before she died, I rejoiced when she told me she was feeling a lot better as opposed to other days when the pain

Criminal Behavior - A discussion of theories Term Paper

Criminal Behavior - A discussion of theories - Term Paper Example Accordingly, Mr. Gacy was dubbed the â€Å"Clown Killer† by the American media and his unsavory celebrity grew as his trial for multiple murders gripped the nation. Seeking to understand the particularly heinous crimes of Mr. John Wayne Gacy, this brief research paper will discuss the life and times of this violent murderer, the crimes he was charged with and the various impacts of his crime on our society. Following this complete overview of the crimes of John Wayne Gacy, this paper will discuss how two different criminological theorists would have viewed the crime as well as the causes of the crime. In sum, we will conclude with a discussion of where the perpetrator is now and the controversies surrounding his punishment (Bell and Bardsley 2009). John Wayne Gacy was born during the height of the Second World War during the relative tranquility of suburban Chicago and was the second of three children. It was reported that his father was both physically and mentally abusive as the young Gacy grew up in a strict Polish-Danish household. Teased about being overweight and supposedly demonstrating feminine characteristics as a young boy, John Wayne Gacy faced a series of challenges growing up. His scholastic record was shoddy and although he became a somewhat successful businessman, his previous academic record gave no indication that Mr. Gacy would achieve much financial success in life. As a young man who had dropped out of school and ventured to Las Vegas to win a livelihood, John Wayne Gacy married the first woman who paid him any attention, the unsuspecting Marlynn Myers. A daughter of wealthy parents and franchise owners of multiple KFC outlets in Chicago and the mid-west, the Myers entrusted John Wayne Gacy with the managem ent of their fast-food outlets following his marriage to their daughter in 1964. Moving to Waterloo, Iowa to manage one of the family KFC restaurants, Gacy and his wife

Ethical Concerns with Research As Member of the Institutional Review Essay

Ethical Concerns with Research As Member of the Institutional Review Board - Human Subjects Committee - Essay Example This is essential as it enables them to make an informed consent about their participation. The element of collaboration which leads to accountability comes into play since a stakeholders meeting has to be organized for a briefing. In this case, since it was aerial spraying of toxic substances over the city, schools and neighborhoods, it means that the locals were not informed whatsoever about the intention of the study, its importance/benefits and risks involved. This also means that the element of honesty was not applied which translates to subjective analysis. Ethics in research further advocates for non-biasness, integrity and openness. In this case, this is not so since secret spraying of the community is evident. Openness and integrity means that justice for the participants is a priority. Another very key aspect in ethics is confidentiality assurance. Participants need to be assured of the confidentiality of the findings and that only findings across a group of participants sh ould be made public. Here is a case where even the participants have not been involved and are not assured of the confidential handling of the findings. Confidentiality in research study guarantees the participants of the researcher’s social responsibilities.

Remmber event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Remmber event - Essay Example Maybe, I have a lot of lessons to learn from this experience which until now is one of my greatest questions I always throw to God. Years ago, when I was still in high school, I was awakened one morning by the voice of my father. He was talking and crying so bitterly I thought I must have been dreaming. I closed my eyes, thinking that when I opened them again, things will change. Sadly, it was not a dream at all. My father was telling my mother that my favorite cousin, Wesal died. I lay in my bed, numb. I did not seem to be able to move. It was unthinkable. My cousin is very young and she was among my best friends. I was very close to her because she was a good person. She was so sweet, always smiling and ready to encourage other people to face the difficulties of life even though she was suffering, herself. I admired her strength because I knew just how she was living as a married young woman. She was forcedly married to her cousin at a very young age. She did not love the man but because of our culture, she had no choice but to follow her parent’s desires. Nevertheless, Wesal suffered a lot in the hands of her husband. I was one of her confidants. She told me what was happening between her and her husband. She cannot divorce her husband because it is taboo for women to do so. Still, she always finds a way to hide her troubles and show that she could manage. When Wesal got pregnant, she was not treated any better. Her difficulties seemed to become more and more severe. After giving birth to young boy, she suddenly got sick. It shocked most of us when the doctors found out that she was suffering from cancer. She was too young. I visited her lot during that time and I was happy that she was always smiling. I did not know then that she was just trying to show how happy she was when in fact, deep inside, she was grieving and suffering. Before she died, I rejoiced when she told me she was feeling a lot better as opposed to other days when the pain