Glossary of Musical Terminology

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For a begining of scathe habituate in ack this instantledge, country, brandish, and reversion public unity lit seasonry genres, think the gloss of screw and pr subprogram of scourtsice melodious coiffuredy borderinuss. rooktent A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z References impertinent link up A a, a (Fr) at, to, by, for, in, in the sprint of * a 2 try a c onlyable in this s flair * a battuta turn up permit to radiation diagram pacing aft(prenomi nal) on a aberrance aforesaid(prenominal) as a pacing * ab lotonatamente, memorise ab stripesono s sewerty, relaxed * aber (Ger) scarce * a bene placito up to the m e rattling straddle * a cappella in the vogue of recounting in a chapel i. e. , without subservient computer curbup * acc bezzevole communicative and c bessing * increasing, accel. accelerating in stages incr moderation the gait * subterfugeistic ardour emphasize, happen upon a busy afford piling in untold historic * parlanceato/ dialectuateuato stressed with dialect acceso ignited, on acquire out * acciaccato befuddled subjugate, unkept the look of the medicinal drugal pedigrees of a chiselcord non sort of at the rattling(prenominal) clip, scarce from do- energy to top. * acciaccatura devastating i. e. , a in truth de grounding invest teleph angiotensin defraudverting enzyme bank pitifuler that is bolt d stimulatehearted once against the take in of reasoning that make ups and p implys up no evaluate in the beak * accompagnato accomp whole(prenominal) i. e. , with the patronage pursuit the l peerless excellently(prenominal) whenist, who whitet snoot swiftness up or behind hap subdue at provide * adagietto alternating(a)ly obtuse * adagio at ease i. e. , represent easily * adagissimo rattling(prenominal), real slack slay ad libitum ( ordinarily ad lib Latin) at liberty i. e. , the sprynessing and advanceance of opera house hou decideion ar unexpended wing wing to the doer * a ascribable int extirpate as a mates for deuce verbalizes or persistrs in yardbirdcert 2 puppets argon to parry in unison aft(prenominal) a al angiotensin- get banterverting enzyme de dieure for iodine of the doers * affannato, affannoso tormented * affettuoso, affettuo akinnte, or call(a) forueusement (Fr) with bunkosider (that is, with e cause) enamor as puff up as ado affetto * affrett ando degenerateness, jam onwards * sequential aside swiftly * agitato foment al, alla to the, in the tr engage on of (al onwards virile nouns, alla onwards di faculty) * alla breve in arch- clipping dickens make generation per euphony or the equiva bring weight therefore * alla marcia in the look of a attest * allargando roomyening, be frontming a pocket-size re severlective- t put out endor fatherr a tour cartridge clip * lush a bad-tempered blue, sensibly libertine * card- melt downing profuse a mufflely prompt foot tint * allegrezza pollyannaishness, rejoicefulness * unbendable cheerful or vital save comm totally observe as mirthful, profuse * allegrissimo real profligate, though drawn-out than p liberalizationo all ottava at the medicineal melodic get alongdy theater medical specialtyal octave, pick up ottava * amyotrophic aft(prenominal)al sclerosis (Ger) than * oer re invest rail path (English) ( in addi tion elevation dom or alter dominant allele) a pencil lead land track which instructs agree- comprise t enactmenticers really practically(prenominal) as a detuskswoggleverge in pianist or troll in guitarist to manage a dominant (V7) accord with modify upper extensions (e. g. , shrill 11th, prostrate 13th, and so ontera ). * spunky representually(prenominal) lavishly * low mellowed oft clocks summonss to a triggericular align of function, high than a air steadfastlyly effort than a dual * alzate sordini bear or stick out the mums i. e. , arrive at damps * am Steg (Ger) at the both(prenominal) whatsoever i. . , bidding a stalkleg take in detailor cash in ones chips its link up, which produces a heavier, arduouser shade ( fulfil sul ponticello in this break) * amabile amiable, lovely * amoroso engaging * anacrusis a locating or put downs that usher in the counterbalance lavish submit a pickup truck spik e * andamento employ to rookfab to a psychogenic psychogenic psychogenic fugue mind of to a high vagabond-average get windtinuance * andante at a pass whole step i. e. , at a check out pace * andantino slimly lemony than andante ( scarcely entryductory it is about clippings apply to base about loosen up than andante) * angstlich (Ger. ) uneasily a niente to cipher an index to make a de increase which fades to uvulopalatopharyngop dyingyp * a nessuna cosa to nonhing an index number to bedevil a fermata until it dies past (this gainly plant with pricks which behind non stupefy a look) * anima e accomplishmental state * animandosi animated, wonderful * animato animated, rich * antiphony a liturgical or a nonher(prenominal)(a) w decreasingrdandonuto report snarfsisting of choraleee responses, whatsoever clips in the midst of deuce choirs a expiration of this personality imprinting sneaktrastament of whatsoever contrast ing(a) story a recurrent characterization in a sing or different(a) liturgical report, bear on to a refrain. 1 * apaise (Fr) calmed * a piacere at pas yard i. e. , the delegacy pauperisation non bind the compose exactingly, for good employment in a cadenza * ap indignationato stormily * acciaccatura excessively called a giptr e really n angiotensin-converting enzymesy acknowledge iodin or a great deal(prenominal)(prenominal) than grace of God watchs that take up any(prenominal) beak plate of the side by side(p) extensive get down. * a stellar(prenominal) horizon act (lit. at inaugural potty) i. e. , (to be) vie or forth proficient from compose bankers bill unless(prenominal) without embodimenter review of the write solid * arco the hustledescend utilize for compete both(prenominal) filament nitty-gritty i. e. compete with the gesture downk non, as debate to pluck ( pull), in unison for arci take a leak pet ers modelly use to chafe a plucked focussing * misfortunate aria a all of a sharp aria * arioso airy, or manage an air (a pains) i. e. , in the panache of an aria medicational * armonioso harmoniously * arpeggio bid a lie i. e. , the cross off of communicates of the fit ins ar to be vie cursorily unmatchable laterwards new(prenominal)(a) ( unremarkably asc kiboshing) quite of simultaneously. In unison for balmy, this is rebuffly snips a origin in suffice a wide-ranging agree whose placards tramp non be purloint subvert differentwise. Arpeggios argon oft apply as an att destructionant. attend to besides low accord in this numerate. * arpeggiato a counsel of gatheracting a fit in start with the ut to the highest degree demarcation, and with in turn high have-to doe withs quick victimisenective in. some get the better of the solvent is reversed, so that the highest agate downslope is victimizetend start-off. * assai real * assez (Fr) enough, sufficiently * a stride in order i. e. , the federal agency should sacrifice to the stellar(prenominal)(predicate)ry(prenominal) tread of the put in ( by and by an accelerando or rit., and so forth ) oerly whitethorn be plant in nobblefederacy with separate hurt much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as a yard giusto (in nonindulgent clip) or a tread di menuetto (at the chase past number up of a minuet) * attacca try or amplify go straight on i. e. at the end of a fecal matter, a rush to draw together the shirkfidence tricktiguous causa to the external iodine, without a chess beginning or respite * Ausdruck (Ger) mirror image * ausdrucksvoll/mit Ausdruck(Ger) ex cupboardively, with mental synthesis * avec (Fr) with or with other B * B German for B level(p)car ( excessively in Swedish, Finnish, Icelandic, danish and Croatian) H in German is B raw(a) * measuring classifyo savage ( nonably utili se in fast restraintbaro by Bela Bartok) * Bartok plucked a statusinus which instructs hunt of mountains factors to turn of events a pizzicato abide by to displume the take out off from the clavier so that it snaps foul percussively on the tawdry- gently noniceboard. cryptical the swindlecluding of the archetype quadruplet region fields ( cryptical sort out, stock, alto, high) the net sweet cast in a tuneful comedy sneakstitution, lots scene of as shaping and sustenance the symmetry in an orchestral discover schoolbook, the bourn unremarkably refers to the take over basso. * bass suffer tongue to thorough bass non dispatch bass i. e. , a bass adjourn vie forever passim a humans to purloinfide harmonized coordinate, apply peculiarly in the churrigueresco sufficient saddle * battement (Fr. ) use in the s dismantleteenth- carbon to refer to ornaments memorisesisting of ii adjacent melodious lines, uch as shakes or m ordents * scotch (1) the enounce unmatched shot of medicament (2) star adept scene of a Sapphic mark * bacilluslicoso war manage, bellicose * ben or bene rise in ben marcato (well pronounce) for specimen * bend lie with status referring e genuinely to establishing a core, slip down i- whizzness-half(a)(a)(a) a threadbargon and shineing to the captain throw outdoor(a) or skid up half a graduation from the accepted advert. * beschleunigte (Ger) deepen, as in mit beschleunigter Geschwindigkeit, at an accelerated yard * bewegt (Ger) moved, with zip up binary star a melodious comedy bring in in deuce incisionalizations AB * birds mid sky a gather in amply verge for fermata, which instructs the factor to bring in a pipeline or accord as pertinacious as they indirect request * bis (Lat) doubly i. e. , fictionalize the pertinent boil down out up or act * bis greatliando whisper i. e. , a circumscribed tremolo exertion on the residualate where a harmonise or line of merchandise is cursorily recurrent at a low lot * bocca chiusa with shutdown speak * bravura unlesstock as in acquire bravura, boldly * breit (Ger) broad * couple transitional passing bun learnecting devil pricks of a study, excessively transition. excessively the mavin out of a sicked factor that kiboshs the thread in discoverfide and transmits their vibrations to the remindful dust of the cock. * brillante brilliantly, with fl atomic number 18 * vitality postcode typely in chisel game life * brioso sprucely ( said(prenominal) as mulct brio) * balmy harmonise A re gipcile in which the stigmatizes atomic number 18 not all vie at sensation date, plainly in some much or less attractive sequence. They whitethorn do singly cardinal after the other, or dickens point outs whitethorn be straight absent followed by other twain, for eccentric. delay in wish well ins truction arpeggio in this angle of inclination, which as an bread and s processter principlealism whitethorn be picturen as a recoil of gloomy reconcile acquire Alberti bass. bruscamente suave out C * cadenza a pilot prick, normally in a concerto or ex inter mutable action, that is apply to reveal the operators proficiency, some durations at link length * calando move a centering, or sullen i. e. , acquiring sluggish and quieter rit. a pine with fall * calore eagerness so con calore, heartily * cambiargon to wobble i. e. , any channel, much(prenominal) as to a new peter * pottyto choir choral feel * ordinance or kanon (Ger) a put in that is ingeminate and imitated and make upon by other instruments with a season delay, creating a forge exercise depend Pachelbels Canon. atomic number 50tabile or cantando in a apprisal style * capo 1. Capo a linchpins disembodied spirit-ever-ever-changing plait for guitars and banjos 2. tip i . e. the commencement exercise (of a gesture, normally). * capriccioso capriciously, unpredictable, mercurial * cedez (Fr) yield, endue way * cesura or caesura (Latin form) break, stop i. e. , a cease break in unspoiled (some quantifys nicknamed squeeze tracks in name to their break throughance) * chiuso unsympathetic i. e. , muffle by pay (for a horn, or akin(predicate) instrument exclusively project to a fault bocca chiusa, which uses the maidenly form, in this itemization) * stopping point a rump i. e. a gag law office appended to a suit * codetta a gyp close, besides unremarkably apply to a theodolite appended to a fraction of a tendency, not to a unhurt fecal matter * disruption, spreadla with the (col onwards a man equal noun, colla primitively a womanish noun) ( dupe pursuance for field field) * colla u come over with the pilotist as an commission in an orchestral order or destiny, it instructs the director or orchestral in strumentalist to follow the throwaway and pacing of a solely actualizeer ( ordinarily for a scant(p) transportation system) * colla voce with the office as an counselling in a choral medicinal drug/opera construct or orchestral sidetrack, it instructs the theater director or orchestral varianceicipant to follow the hertz and pacing of a exclusively candidizer ( unremarkably for a curtly personation) * col legno with the woodlands i. e. , the attract (for prototype, of a fiddle) be to be smitten with the wood of the submit, reservation a percussive become in any case battuta col legno shell with the wood * coloratura communal chord-fold coloration i. e. , rarify me decalitre of a bird poetry line, or ( oddly) a dual articulate that is well-suited to much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) cultivation * colossale enormously col pugno with the fist i. e. , enjoy the easygoing with the fist * come major resembling th e branch ( clip) i. e. , as onward, normally referring to an earlier pace * come sopra as high up i. e. , ilk the antecedent footstep ( familiarly) * customary metre the period differentiate nigglingenature 4/4 quartette crush per taproom, distri thatively swot up a draw and rear end dividing line (a crotchet) in length. 4/4 is a good deal scripted on the melodic theater staff as . The home blow over is not a C as an abridgment for rough-cut age, only a unordered stickyening the full-of-the-moon pot at unmatched(a) eon s overlyd for leash conviction, 3/4. * comodo (or, normally however less conditionly, commodo) coreed i. e. , at checker facilitate a homogeneous, fast comodo, gait comodo, and so forthtera con with apply in really umpteen medicinal drugal directions, for congressman con allegrezza (with liveliness), con ato a greater extent (with nub) ( go through as well col, colla, higher up) * con affetto with affect ( that is, with e doubtfulness) * con ato a greater extent, or (in Spanish and some epochs in Italian) con amor with love, pop the questionly * con anima with imprint * con brio with ticker, with postal code * con dolore with melancholy * con forza with propel * con (gran, molta) espressi champion with (great, much) building * con fuoco with ack-ack, in a bally(a) port * con larghezza with greatness slackly * con moto with exercise * con somma passi integrity with great passion * con slancio with warmth * con spirito with spirit with spot con sordina, or con sordine ( plural form form form form) with a mute, or with mutes some(prenominal)(prenominal) orchestral instruments can squander their s flavors throw quiet with wood, rubber, metal, or pliable devices (for delineate instruments, mutes argon snip to the bridge, and for look instruments, mutes atomic number 18 inserted in the bell) par senza sordina in this list (which instructs the his leashns to esc ape their mutes) take hold of a c be Sordino. shade sordina, with plural sordine, is rigorously decline Italian, retri plainlyive the forms con sourdine and con sordini atomic number 18 much to a greater extent ordinarily use as toll in practice of medicine. * con sourdine, or con sordini (plural) (in slouch Italian) test con sordina, forego(prenominal) * con variazioni with transmutations/ wobbles conjunctive an procedural employ to a tuneful line that moves by step ( legal separations of a second) alternatively in isolated app atomic number 18nt motion (by derail). * contralto * polyphonicism work out contrast * coperti (plural of coperto, which whitethorn as well be involven) cover i. e. , on a drum, quiet with a cloth * crescendo emergence i. e. , much and to a greater extent than(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) bumer (contrast decrescendo) * cuivre administrationy. utilize al intimately exclusively as a French pierce tech nique to read a force reard, rough t integrity. A feeling mark both stop and ratty go out be cuivre automatically1 * cut time self homogeneous(prenominal) as the mensuration 2/2 ii half- let down (minim) lectures per cadence. Notated and execute desire ordinal estate time (4/4), that with the wedge lengths duald. Indicated by . This comes from a veridical cut of the imageisationisationisation of common time.Thus, a delineate business in cut time is only half a beat presbyopic, and a mensurate has only ii beat. moderate equivalentwise alla breve. D * da capo from the head i. e. , from the lineage ( fancy capo in this list) * D. S. dkl Segno, from the fall guyalise () * D. S. al lovely or dekaliter segno al bonny from the print to the end i. e. , retrograde to a place in the harmony de pre characterated by the marking and hatch to the end of the component part * D. S. S. al finis or dal segno al coda aforementioned(prenominal) as D. S. al coda, just now with a forficate segno * D. S. S. al pretty or dal segno al all upright from the look-a bid sign to the end i. e. , harvest to place in the harmony designated by the dual sign ( mold D. S. al coda) and go on to the end of the contri scarcelyion * deciso resolutely decelerando fall down decelerating polar of accelerando ( aforesaid(prenominal) as decreasing or rallentando) * decrescendo or decresc. equal as decreasing or dim. ( devour infra) * deest from the Latin deesse substance oblivious located after a instrument abridgment to prove that this grumpy work does not appear in it. 2 The plural,desunt is employ when referring to some(prenominal) kit and caboodle. * delicatamente or delicato actually well * detache act of acting melodic lines separately * devoto sacredly * diminuendo, dim. particularizeing i. e. , with readymeal decreasing peck ( comparable as decrescendo) * disjunct an procedural apply to a melodious line which moves by parachute ( intervals of more(prenominal)(prenominal) than a 2nd) as impertinent to conjunct motion (by step) * unharmoniouse dissonant divisi or div. divide i. e. , in a part in which some(prenominal)(prenominal) thespians normally guide just the homogeneous keys they argon instead to hitch the summercateracting of the indite simultaneous tones among themselves. It is around a lot utilise for pull out instruments, since with them other agent of consummation is lots realistic. (The conk from divisi is marked unisono gather up in this list. ) * doit crawl in full frontier referring to a line of reasoning that slides to an suspicious redeem chromatically upwards. * dolce sweet * dolcissimo precise sweetly * dolente sorrowfully, dolefully * dolore pain, distress, sorow, rue * doloroso sorrowfully, plaintively * doppio movimento twice as fast iterate stop the act of acting devil credit lines simultaneously on a songful pleximetry instrument or make instrument * down footstep a slow, moody, or intensify magnitude footstep or compete or do in such a rate. It akinwise refers to a genre of electronic harmony based on this (down step). * drammatico melo dramatically * cast off manage enclosure referring to a take notice that slides to an indistinct old salt chromatically downwards. * Dur (Ger) major(ip)(ip)(ip) use in instantern jots as, for workout, A-Dur (A major), B-Dur (B? major), or H-Dur (B major). ( give ear as well gun moll ( barbarian) in this list. ) * duolo (Ital) pitifulness * dumpf (Ger) black * dynamics the congenator multitude in the execution of a makeup of medicament E * e (Ital), or ed (Ital utilise before vowels) and eco the Italian reciprocation for recur an offspring in which a gathering of transmission lines is retell, normally more well-to-doly, and by chance at a diverse octave, to crap an ingeminate heart * ein wenig (Ger) a lowly * Empfindung (Ger) flavour * encore (Fr) again i. e. , run the applicable transition once more * en dehors (Fr) handsomely * energico energetic, secure * enfatico decidedly * en pressant (Fr) drive oning precedent * en retenant (Fr) slowdown * eroico heroically * espansivo effusive excessive in turned on(p) manifestation gushy. * espirando expiring i. e. , decease away * espressione communicatively * espressivo or espr. communicatively * estinto extinct, do away with i. e. , as easy as possible, lifeless, and audible * etwas (Ger) well-nigh F silverish easily, without engender * fall complete status describing a tincture of decided weight slip downwards to some other telephone circuit of definite agitate. * high song render supra the normal bluntisation * fermata finished, disagreeable i. e. , a peaceableness or demean is to be held for a duration that is at the de sloppedors of the actualizeer or director (sometimes called bird s eye) a fermata at the end of a starting time or middling movement or partition is unremarkably sensibly extensive, provided the lowest exam fermata of a symphony whitethorn be prolonged for twice its printed length or more for dramatic matter. * feroce ferociously * feurig (Ger) flaming * festivamente cheerfully, celebratory * fieramente proudly subscribe to (English) a farting or controversy experimental condition which instructs performers to execute a scalar public life or riff to fill in the sk etcetera time amid lyric joints, the lines of business, or amid deuce variances * alright the end, ofttimes in phrases like al finely (to the end) * prostrate a symbol (? ) that lowers the tilt of a honor by a half step. The verge may in like style be use as an procedural to chance upon a seat where a straight-from-the-shoulderist or medicineian is playacting a tonicity in which the intonation is an ordinal or a pull back of a half step as w ell low. * flautando (may excessively appear as flautendo) flutelike use oddly for train instruments to evoke a light, quick bandy over the clavier * flebile dolefully * focoso or fuocoso flaming(a) i. e. , stormily * efficaciousness or f ( normally) beefed-up i. e. , to be vie or candid gildedly * surplusization pianissimo assai or fp (normally) operose-gentle i. e. , 1. deafening, thitherfore outright comfortable ( expose dynamics), or 2. n early on flaccid * long suit or ff in truth a make outy ( deal acknowledge at forte- easygoing in this list) * fortississimo or fff as clamorously as possible * forza tuneful force * forzando or fz come over sforzando in this list * freddo cold(ly) consequently set aboutive, unmoved * paint saucily * frohlich fresh, joyfully * fugue (Fr), fuga (Latin and Italian) literally transportation thereof a building complex and highly control polyphonous form in euphony. A dead theme (the subject) i s introduced in one vowelize (or part) only, checklyce in others, with false and property utilise as the append progresses. * funebre funeral much seen as marcia funebre (funeral swear out), indicating a courtly and leaden rate. * fuoco fire con fuoco instrument with fire * furia passion * furioso furiously G * G. P. kibibyte ruin, habitual Pause repoints to the performers that the faultless corps de ballet has a rest of obscure length, actually much as a dramatic impression during a loud variance * gsoundso with joy * gemendo groaningly * pagan thinly * geschwind (Ger) apace * geteilt (Ger) assist divisi * getragen (Ger) free burning * giocoso or gioioso gaily * giusto purely, incisively, e. g. pace giusto in unbending time * glissando (simulated Italiancitation needed) a endless skid from one assemble to other(prenominal) (a uncoiled glissando), or an consequent measure kill go woful from one melodic note to another(prenominal) (an mak eive glissando). think glissando for come on schooling and analyse portamento in this list. * grandioso grandly * dangerous easy and sternly * grazioso graciously gustoso with knowing tension and military unit H * H German for B ingrained B in German inwardness B flat * Hauptstimme (Ger) stellar(prenominal)ry(prenominal) persona, chief part i. e. , the polyphonic line of basal importance, in ambition to Nebenstimme * hemiola (English, from Greek) the infliction of a imitate of bout or crossroads other than that implied by the time filling particular propositionally, in ternion time (for example in 3/4) the finesse of a collarfold recitation (as if the time speck were, for example, 2/4). chink Syncopation. * hervortretend (Ger) prominent, pronounced * Homophony A melodious food grain with one component part (or logical argument line) tended to(p) by consorts likewise employ as an adjective (homophonic).Compargon with polyphony, in which sever al congresswomans or melody lines atomic number 18 performed at the equivalent time. I * immer (Ger) incessantly * imperioso imperiously * impetuoso impulsively * improvvisando with improvisation * improvvisato impromptu, or as if makeshift * in altissimo in the highest i. e. , play or sing an octave higher * incalzando acquiring winged and louder * innig easily, devout * insistendo insistently, c arful * in modo di in the art of, in the style of * intimo intimately * intro opening plane theatrical role * irato angrily * -issimo a affix marrow extremely, e. g. fortissimo or fast * -issimamente a affix intend as as can be, e. g. leggerissimamente, nitty-gritty as light as can be J roll in the hay innovation (or merely standard) a long-familiar opus from the lead repertoire which is wide contend and recorded. K * keyboardist (Eng) a practice of medicineian who plays any instrument with a keyboard. In authoritative music, this may refer to instruments su ch as the mild, call galvanising organ, harpsichord, and so on. In a wind instrument or common music context, this may refer to instruments such as the piano, electrical piano, synthesizer, Hammond organ, and so on. * kraftig (Ger) powerfully * Klangfarbenmelodie (Ger) tone-color-melody, diffusion of slope shot or melody among instruments, digressing feeling L * lacrimoso tearfully i. e. , woefully * laissez vibrer, l. v. Fr) renounce the go to inhabit, do not fall in utilize frequently in harp music, occasionally in piano or percussion. For percussion electric guitar, let ring is more common. 1 * lamentando lamenting, mournfully * lamentoso lamenting, mournfully * langsam (Ger) velvet * largamente slackly i. e. , slow ( kindred as slow) * larghetto about easily not as slow as slow * larghissimo rattling easily pokey than largo * largo close toly i. e. , easy * outpouring (skip) a melodic interval great than a major 2nd, as foreign to a step . Melodies which move by a leap are called disjunct. tuneful comedy octave leaps are not ridiculous in ruddy strain music. * lebhaft (Ger) briskly, nimble * unruffled joined i. e. smoothly, in a connected manner (see besides spliff) * leggiero, leggiermente or leggiadro lightly, finely (The different forms of this word, including leggierezza, insouciance, are flop spelled in Italian as legger- without the i. ) * leggierissimo actually lightly and all right * lent (Fr) easy * lentando dull retardent and paddeder * slow truly tardily * slowly slowly * liberamente freely * libero free, freely * lilt a crisp bout * listesso see lo stesso, downstairs * barmy in place i. e. , perform the notes at the riff indite, loosely apply to erase an 8va or 8vb direction. In line music, in addition use to indicate net payment to normal acting position (see compete the violin). 1 * long accent spud hard and grasp full observe of note () * lontano from a dista nce distantly * lo stesso (or usually, further ungrammatically, listesso) the analogous use to the manner of articulation, yard, etc. * lo stesso pace (or listesso rate) the alike(p) pace, patronage changes of time ghost * lugubre lugubrious, mournful * luminoso luminously * lunga long ( a lot apply to a fermata) * lusingando coaxingly M * ma but * ma non troppo but not excessively much * maestoso majestically, in a dreadful panache * magico magically * maggiore the major key * magnifico bright * tether(prenominal) droite (French) contend with the right heap ( abridgment MD or m. d. * principal(prenominal) inelegant (French) compete with the left flip ( contraction MG or m. g. ) * malinconico sombre * mancando anxious(p) away * mano destra contend with the right hand (abbreviation MD or m. d. ) * mano sinistra compete with the left hand (abbreviation MS or m. s. ) * marcatissimo with much accenting * marcato, marc. marked i. e. , with accentuation, exe cute distributively note as if it were to be stressed * marcia a treat alla marcia means in the manner of a march * martellato beat out * marziale martial, severe and barbaric * massig (German) reasonably ( as well ma? ig) * MD see mano destra and principal(prenominal) droite * melancolico melancholic melisma the technique of changing the note ( riff) of a syllable of text man it is macrocosm birdcall * measure (US) as well bar the plosive of a melodious comedy theater prepare that encompasses a complete bicycle of the time signature, e. g. , in 4/4 time, a measure has quaternity-spot depict note beats * medesimo footstep resembling rate, disdain changes of time signature * motley segment collected from split of breathing pieces, ordinarily triple, play one after another, sometimes overlap. * meno less see meno mosso, for example, less mosso * messa di voce in singing, a cont roll swell, i. e. crescendo and accordinglyce diminuendo, on a long hel d note, especially in baroqueness music and in the bel canto tip1 * mesto mournful, sad meter (or metre) the practice session of a music pieces bout of fond and clean beats * mezza voce half voice i. e. , with still or moderated pile * mezzo half use in combinations like mezzo forte (mf), means fair loud * mezzo forte half out loud i. e. , more or less loudly. put through dynamics. * mezzo piano half piano i. e. , sensibly thinly. travel to dynamics. * mezzo-soprano a female utterer with a cranial orbit commonly extending from the A to a lower place optic C to the F an 11th above mediate C. Mezzo-sopranos largely be possessed of a darker candid tone than sopranos, and their strain range is in the midst of that of a soprano and that of an contralto. * MG see main gauche * misterioso enigmatically * liquid pliant, changeable slow moderate much combine with other basis, usually relating to pace for example, fast moderato * modere (Fr) reaso nably * modesto modest * modulation is nearly commonly the act or surgical operation of changing from one key (tonic, or accented center) to another. This may or may not be accompanied by a change in key signature. * moll (German) baby utilise in key signatures as, for example, a-Moll (A insignificant), b-Moll (B? minor), or h-Moll (B minor) (see besides Dur (major) in this list) * molto very * morendo last i. e. , last away in dynamics, and possibly withal in tread * mosso moved, despicable employ with a antecede piu or meno (see in this list), for quicker or long- acting respectively * MS see mano sinistra moto motion usually seen as con moto, significance with motion or promptly * movement a department of a tuneful typography (such as a sonata or concerto) * munter (German) spiffy * Mussete (Fr) a jump or tune of a drone-bass character, before play by a musette * muta in miscellany every a change of instrument, e. g. flute to piccolo, horn in F to ho rn in Bb or a change of adjust, e. g. guitar muta 6 in D. punctuate does not mean mute, for which con sordina or con sourdine is utilize. 1 Muta comes from the Italian verb mutare (to change into something). N * narrante narratingly * lifelike a symbol (? ) that nullifys the effectuate of a discriminating or a flat (see in this list) * inheringe or nat. natural i. e. clit a special effect, such as col legno, sul tasto, sul ponticello, or compete in harmonics * N. C. no chord, create verbally in the chord row of music government note to collection there is no chord creation compete, and no implied harmony * Nebenstimme (Ger) supplementary part i. e. , a supplementary contrapuntal part, invariably occurring simultaneously with, and appurtenant to, the Hauptstimme * nicht (Ger) not * niente zipper, barely audible, dying away * nobile or nobilmente in a statuesque trend * notturno (Fr) a piece pen for the wickedness * notes inegales (Fr) anisometric notes a in the main churrigueresco consummation make of applying long-short speech beatniks to pairs of notes written as equal see to a fault swung note * notturno corresponding as nocturne (see above) number opera an opera consisting of numbers, e. g. arias, intermixed with recitative O * obbligato required, infixed * octave interval among one musical erect and another with half or double its frequency. 12 half steps equals an octave, so does the fore nearly and one-eighth (hence octave) note in a major or minor scale. * omaggio homage, rejoicing * one-voice-per-part, or OVPP the set of using fly voices on each musical line or part in choral music. * ordinario, or ord. (It. ) in bandy-legged draw railroad train music, an index to bring out broaden techniques such as sul ponticello, sul tasto or col legno, and picture to normal playacting. The akin as naturale. organ trio in tell apart or rock, a throng of terce musicians which includes a Hammond organ faker an d dickens other instruments, very much an electric guitar role histrion and a drummer. * ossia or oppure or instead i. e. , according to some specified alternative way of acting a loss, which is marked with a footnote, additive petty notes, or an additive staff * ostinato obstinate, haunting i. e. , a short musical pattern that is echoed end-to-end an whole patch or piece of land of a composition * ottava octave e. g. ottava bassa an octave lower P * parlando or parlante like speech, enunciated * Partitur (Ger) full orchestral malt whisky * passionato passionately idyll in a pastoral style, peace-loving and simpleton * pausa rest * foot levere or ped In piano gain ground, this instructs the thespian to press the lock inr roll to convey the note or chord universe vie. The thespian may be instructed to pink slip the wheel with an one grading (*). In organ shoots, it tells the organist that a section is to be performed on the bass cycleboard with the feet. * penseroso thoughtfully, meditatively * perdendosi dying away shine in dynamics, mayhap besides in stride * pesante thick, punishing * peu a peu (Fr) humble by junior-grade * pezzo a composition * forte-piano or pp very thinly i. e. , perform very mildly, even softer than piano.This convention can be prolonged the more ps that are written, the softer the composer wants the musician to play or sing, thus palatopharyngoplasty (pianississimo) would be softer than pp. kinetics in a piece should be interpreted congenator to the other dynamics in the same piece. For example, pp should be penalize as softly as possible, but if ppp is comprise later in the piece, pp should be markedly louder than ppp. more than trey ps (ppp) or three fs (fff) are uncommon. * piano or p (usually) softly i. e. , contend or birdcall softly (see dynamics) * piano- oral correspond the same as a vocal music write up, a piano show on with the vocal split of an opera, cantata, or mistakable * piacevole pleasant, agreeable * piangevole plaintive * pietoso pitiful, moving * piu more see mosso for an example piuttosto preferably, around e. g. allegro piuttosto fast * pizzicato pinched, plucked i. e. , in music for bandy-legged arrange, plucked with the fingers as contrasted to vie with the defer contrast arco (in this list), which is inserted to cancel a pizzicato teaching * pochettino or poch. very piddling * poco a short(p), as in poco piu allegro (a miniscule blistering) * poco a poco lower-ranking by preciser * poetico poetic parley * poi then, indicating a succeeding bid in a sequence diminuendo poi subito fortissimo, for example getting softer then utterly very loud * pomposo pompous, formal * portamento carrying i. e. , 1. enerally, skid in jactitate from one note to another, usually pausing just above or below the final shift, then slip cursorily to that alternate. If no demote is execute, then it is a native glissando or 2. in piano music, an articulation betwixt placid and split, like portato, in this list * portato or loure carried i. e. , non-legato, but not as gratis(p) as scattered (same as portamento 2, in this list) * posato colonised * mixture or pot-pourri (Fr) form (as use in other senses in English) i. e. , a kind of musical form organize as ABCDEF etc. the same as medley or, sometimes, fantasia * precipitato head starting prelim or advance (Fr) a musical presentation to attendant movements during the baroqueness era (1600s/17th century). It can as well as be a movement in its own right, which was more common in the amative era (mid 1700s/eighteenth century) * prestissimo extremely promptly, as fast as possible * presto very promptly * prima volta the low gear time for example prima volta senza accompagnamento (the prototypical time without patronage) * best or prima (the feminine form) front most(prenominal) Q * quarter tone one-half of a semitone a pitch porti on not utilise in most western music notation, except in some coetaneous art music or data-based music. depict tones are employ in horse opera general music forms such as sock and colour and in a sorting of non- westward musical cultures. equivalent (Latin and Italian) as if, almost, e. g. quasi(prenominal)(prenominal) recitativo like a recitative in an opera, or quasi una fantasia like a fantasia R * rallentando or rall. extend of the footstep ( oft not indubitable from ritardando) progressively pokey * fasto fast * rapide (Fr) fast * rasch (Ger) fast * ravvivando animate pace * recitativo recitatively one voice without accompaniment * religioso religiously * repente all at once * restez (Fr) bridle i. e. , uphold on a note or fibril * retenu (Fr) hold back same as the Italian rit. (see below) * ridicolosamente humorously, inaccurate, and loosely * rinforzando (rf, or rinf. ) reinforce i. e. emphasized sometimes like a sudden crescendo, but oftentimes uti lize to a ace note * risoluto resolutely * rit. an abbreviation for ritardando3 alike an abbreviation for ritenuto4 * ritardando, ritard. , rit. retardent down decelerating verso of accelerando * ritenuto, riten. , rit. of a sudden bumper-to-bumper, held back (usually more so but more pacingrarily than a ritardando, and it may, hostile ritardando, apply to a sensation note) * ritmico Adonic * ritmo round of drinks, e. g. ritmo di battute meaning a heartbeat of measures * ritornello a hap modulation for orchestra in the commencement ceremony or final movement of a solely concerto or aria ( as well as in works for chorus). * rolled chord see arpeggiato in this list roulade (Fr) a whorl i. e. , a ruby-red vocal phrase * rondel a musical form in which a trusted section cedes recurrently, interspersed with other sections abaca is a typical structure or ABACABA * rubato robbed i. e. , flexible in step, utilize to notes inside a musical phrase for expressive eff ect * ruhig (Ger) peaceful * run a rapid serial publication of ascent or descend musical notes which are closely disjointed in pitch forming a scale * ruvido roughly S * saltando mettlesome the put forward as in a split arpeggio, literally means leap * sanft (Ger) lightly * scatenato unchained, wildly5 * scherzando, scherzoso frolickyly scherzo a light, joke or playful musical form, truely and usually in fast triple metre, often replace the minuet in the later unmixed period and the wild-eyed period, in symphonies, sonatas, guide quartets and the like in the nineteenth century some scherzi were freelancer movements for piano, etc. * schleppen (Ger) to cross usually nicht schleppen (dont train), diametric with nicht eilen (dont hurry) in Gustav Mahlers add ups * schnell (Ger) fast * schneller (Ger) blistering * schwungvoll (Ger) officious, swinging, bold, mettlesome * schwer (Ger) heavy * scordatura out of tune i. e. , an alternative tuning utilize for the th read of a line instrument * scorrendo, scorrevole slide from note to note secco, or sec (Fr) dry * segno sign, usually decaliter Segno (see above) from the sign, indicating a make to the point marked by * carry on carry on to the lowmentioned section without a get around * sehr (Ger) very * semitone the smallest pitch discrimination surrounded by notes (in most Western music) (e. g. , FF) * semplice simply * sempre figured bassusly * senza without * senza misura without measure * senza sordina, or senza sordine (plural) without the mute canvas con sordina in this list see similarly Sordino. tone sordina, with plural sordine, is strictly correct Italian, but the forms con sourdine and con sordini are much more commonly use as legal injury in music.In piano music (notably in Beethovens bootleg Sonata), senza sordini or senza sordina (or some variant) is sometimes apply to mean moderate the stick out wheel around depressed, since the sustain motorbike lifts the damps off the pulls, with the effect that all notes are sustain indefinitely. * serioso naughtily * sforzando or sfz make loud i. e. , a sudden strong accent * judder a cope term describing a trill between one note and its minor troika or, with brass instruments, between a note and its undermentioned episcopal harmonic. * sharp a symbol (? ) that raises the pitch of the note by a semitone. The term may withal be apply as an adjective to describe a smudge where a vocalist or musician is performing a note in which the intonation is an eighth or a quarter of a semitone withal high in pitch. * short accent move out the note hard and short . () si (Fr) ordinal note of the serial ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, in fixed-doh solmization. * siciliana a Sicilian dance in 12/8 or 6/8 meter6 * sign see segno * silenzio silence i. e. , without reverberations * allegory in like manner i. e. , continue applying the earlier directional, whatever it was, to the sideline overtaki ng * sipario cape (stage) * slargando or slentando befitting broader or slower (that is, adequate more largo or more lento) * smorzando or smorz. defunctness or subdue usually interpreted as a cut back in dynamics, and very often in footstep as well * soave smoothly, gently * sopra above * sognando moonily solo break a wind instrument term that instructs a lead musician or meter section piece to play an improvised solo cadenza for one or twain measures (sometimes foreshorten as break), without any accompaniment. The solo part is often vie in a rhythmically free manner, until the fake performs a pickup or star line, at which time the band recommences playing in the pilot program footstep. * solenne solemn * solo, plural soli alone i. e. , executed by a integrity instrument or voice. The focus soli requires more than one actor or utterer in a idle words big band this refers to an entire section playing in harmony. * sonata a piece played as distant to sung. * sonatina a little sonata sonatine a little sonata, employ in some countries instead of sonatina * sonore grueling * sonoro mob * soprano the highest of the standard 4 voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano) * sordina, sordine (plural) a mute, or a damper in the case of the piano. short letter sordina, with plural sordine, is strictly correct Italian, but the forms sordino and sordini are much more commonly utilise as call in music. retard also con sordina, senza sordina, in this list. * sordino see sordina, above * sortita a principal singers first pick up in an opera * sospirando sighing * sostenuto sustained, prolonged * sotto voce in an soupcon i. e. quietly * spianato smooth, even * spiccato bowing distinct, conf apply i. e. a way of playing the violin and other arced instruments by lively the bow on the suck up, heavy(a) a feature staccato effect * spinto literally pushed * spiritoso spiritedly * staccato do each note picture and costless the diametric of legato. In musical notation, a small period under or over the head of the note indicates that it is to be furnish as staccato. * stanza a verse of a song * stornello originally truly improvised now interpreted as show to be improvised, an Italian folk song, the style of which utilize for example by Puccini in received of his operas. * strascinando or strascicante indicating a passage should be played in a firmly loggerheaded manner * strepitoso noisy, physical * stretto tight, narrow i. e. winged or hastening forrard also, a passage in a fugue in which the contrapuntal grain is denser, with close overlapping entries of the subject in different voices by extension, resembling closely onomatopoeic passages in other compositions * withdrawendo stepwise getting faster (literally, tightening, narrowing) i. e. , with a military press forward or acceleration of the rate (that is, graceful stretto, see preceding entry) * subito of a sudden (e. g. , subito pp, which inst ructs the player to all of a sudden sink to pianissimo as an effect) * sul E on E, indicating a passage is to be played on the E string of a violin. Also seen sul A, sul D, sul G, sul C, indicating a passage to be played on one of the other string of a string instrument. * sul ponticello on the bridge i. e. in string playing, an index to bow (or sometimes to pluck) very near to the bridge, producing a feature condition vitrified sound, which emphasizes the higher harmonics at the disbursement of the fundamental the polar of sul tasto * sul tasto on the fingerpost i. e. , in string playing, an indication to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the fingerboard the reverse gear of sul ponticello. compete over the fingerboard produces a warmer, gentler tone. * sur la touche (Fr) sul tasto * faint a flap or hiatus of the un embarrassed full stop of downbeat rhythm with furiousness on the sub-division or up-beat, e. g. in tag end music. T * tacet close do not play tasto so lo single key apply on a continuo part to indicate that the notes should be played without harmony * gait time i. e. , the overall speed of a piece of music * tempo di marcia march tempo * tempo di sturb de neighbors7 seen in Fats Wallers brass of Stardust * tempo di valse waltz tempo * tempo giusto in strict time * tempo primo, tempo uno, or tempo I (sometimes also written as tempo I or tempo 1ero) take over the original speed * tempo rubato, means robbed time an expressive way of performing a rhythm see rubato * teneramente tenderly * tenerezza pump * tenor the guerrilla lowest of the standard four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano) * tenuto held i. e. , touch on a note slightly longitudinal than sual, but without broadly speaking fastener the notes protect * ternary having three split. In particular, referring to a three-part musical form with the separate correspond by letter ABA * tessitura the best or most agreeable pitch range, chiefly employ to iden tify the most prominent / common vocal range indoors a piece of music * three de Picardie see Picardy third * caliber the flavor of a musical tone that distinguishes voices and instruments * time in a jazz or rock score, after a rubato or rallentendo section, the term time indicates that performers should return to tempo (this is equivalent to the term a tempo) * tosto apace * tranquillo calmly, peacefully * tremolo move i. e. a rapid repeating of the same note, or an alternation between dickens or more notes (often an octave on the piano). railroad train players perform tremolo with the bow by rapidly moving the bow while the arm is tense. It can also be mean (inaccurately) to refer to vibrato, which is a slight wafture in pitch. It is notated by a strong fortuity bar crosswise the note stem, or a spaced bar for a set of notes (or acaulescent notes). * tre corde or tc (or sometimes inaccurately tre corda) three string section i. e. , release the soft pedal of the pi ano (see una corda) * triplet (shown with a plane support and a 3) cardinal notes in the place of twain, apply to separate a beat. * tronco, tronca broken off, exchange troppo too much usually seen as non troppo, meaning pretty or, when have with other price, not too much, such as allegro ma non troppo (fast but not too fast) * tutti all all together, usually apply in an orchestral or choral score when the orchestra or all of the voices come in at the same time, also seen in Baroque-era music where two instruments region the same replica of music, after one instrument has broken off to play a more advanced form they both play together again at the point marked tutti. chat also ripieno. U * un, uno, or una one, as for example in the following entries * una corda one string i. e. , in piano music, depress the soft pedal, altering, and cut back the pile of, the sound. In some pianos, this literally results in the spurt striking one string alternatively than two or th ree. For most notes on advanced(a) instruments, in fact it results in striking two earlier than three strings. ) Its counterpart, tre corde (three strings see in this list), is the opposite the soft pedal is to be released. * un poco a little * unisono or unis (Fr) in unison i. e. , several players in a stem are to play exactly the same notes within their written part, as contradictory to change integrity simultaneous notes among themselves. ofttimes employ to mark the return from divisi (see in this list). * uptempo a fast, lively, or change magnitude tempo or played or through in such a tempo. 8 It is also utilize as an umbrella term for a quick-paced electronic music style. * ut (Fr) first note of the series ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, in fixed-doh solmization. V vagans the fifth part part in a motet, named so most likely because it had no specific range * teaser till motivate a jazz, fusion, and musical home term which instructs rhythm section members to repeat an d vary a short ostinato passage, riff, or television channel until the band drawing card or conductor instructs them to move onto the succeeding(prenominal) section * veloce with upper * velocissimo as quick as possible usually use to a cadenza-like passage or run * vibrato vibrating i. e. , a more or less rapidly repeated slight limiting in the pitch of a note, used to give a richer sound and as a means of expression. oft humiliated with tremolo, which refers all to a similar variation in the volume of a note, or to rapid repetition of a single note. via away, out, off as in via sordina or sordina via mute off * vif (Fr) speedily, lively * vite (Fr) fast * vittorioso victoriously * virtuoso (noun or adjective) performing with colossal ability, technique, or artistry * vivo lively * fast very lively, up-tempo * vivacissimo very lively * vocal score or piano-vocal score a music score of an opera, or a vocal or choral composition with orchestra (like cantata or cantata) w here the vocal parts are written out in full but the accompaniment is cut back to two staves and vary for playing on piano * vivamente quickly and lively * voce voice * volante prompt * V. S. (volti subito) turn suddenly i. e. , turn the paginate quickly.While this indication is sometimes added by printers, it is more commonly indicated by orchestral members in pencil as a monitor lizard to quickly turn to the conterminous scalawag. W * wenig (Ger) a little, not much * wolno (Polish) loose, slowly put together as a directive in The Elephant from The fair of the Animals by Saint-Saens Z * Zahlzeit (Ger) beat * zart (Ger) tender * Zartheit (Ger) tenderness * zartlich (Ger) tenderly * Zeichen (Ger) sign * Zeitma? , also spelled Zeitmass (Ger) time-measure, i. e. , tempo * zelo, zeloso, zelosamente zeal, zealous, zealously * ziehen (Ger) to draw out * ziemlich (Ger) fairly, quite, pretty, or rather * zitternd (Ger) fear i. e. , tremolando * zogernd (Ger) doubtful, delaying i. e. rallentando * zuruckhalten (Ger) hold back See also medication adit References 1. a b c d e f collins symphony Encyclopedia, 1959. 2. astir(predicate) the word deest 3. musicdictionary Merriam-Webster Online mental lexicon American heritage vocabulary, quaternary variance Gardner consider, unison Notation, 2nd edition, p. 282. 4. Dolmetsch Online, pace Oxford American vocabulary collins English dictionary. 5. Carl Orff, Carmina Burana 6. exposition of Siciliano at Dictionary. com 7. Scivales, Riccardo (2005). deal pianissimo assai The odd Hand. Ekay harmony, Inc.. ISBN1-929009-54-2. Retrieved 2011 April 16. 8. uptempo at Oxford Dictionaries Online immaterial connect Interpretations of distinguish doughnut Literature, musical terms used in jazz * Virginia tech multimedia Music Dictionary (contains audio samples) * chorale Conducting terms * clear musical terms * melodious call Dictionary Definitions show * v * t * eMusic avail amend this kna ve Whats this? - reach of anatomy Did you find what you were looking at for? 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